Can someone best describe the difference between Content Center Standard and Content Center Professional? How do the URLs differ?
Depending on which version of TeamSite you're using - there may not be a CCStd - instead there's the "TeamSite UI" (and CCPro).
The URL's you can figure out by going into the UI and selecting the different interfaces and looking at your browser - you shouldn't need us to do that for you.
The differences depend on which two UI's you're comparing - but CCPro is more like an Explorer interface and provides menu options and such that aren't available in the other UIs (well, that was true of CCStd - I haven't actually used the "TeamSite UI" but I believe the same holds true).
There are manuals that can be downloaded from the Support site (assuming you have access to it) that go over the UIs - again, it depends on which version you're running and which version directory you're looking in on the Support site (they have a nasty habit of not including documentation that hasn't been rev'd in the specific version so you may have to bounce around a few product-version directories to find them), e.g.:
The titles and filenames may differe, again - depending on which version(s) you are interested in.